The article presents lesults form a research project drected towards the viruses composing the infectious background of the wheat and barley in Bulgaria. The presence of five new for Bulgaria viruses BaMMV, BaYMV, BStMV, CDV and WDV was registered. During the autumn peeiod in favourable weather conditions Sitobion avenae is the usual harmful agent among the crops of winter barley. The other aphid Schizaphis graminum appears more rarely. Later among the crops of wintee bailey the share of Rhopalosiphum maidis and Rhopalouphum padi increase. During the spring period seven ahids species: Metopolophium dirhodum, M. festucae, R. maidis, R. padi, S. graminum, S. avenae and Sipha maydis are found in the crops of wheat, winter and spring barley. Fife of the
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