Highly Efficient Biosynthesis of the Oligosaccharide Moiety of the GD3 Ganglioside by Using Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli

摘要

GD3 (Neu5Acalpha-8Neu5Acalpha-3Galbeta-4GlcCer;Neu5Ac = N-acetylneuraminic acid,Gal = D-galactose,GlcCer = glycosyl-ceramide) is a minor ganglioside found in most normal tissues in higher vertebrates including humans.The GD3 level has been shown to increase during some pathological situations,such as cancers (glioma,melanoma),and to have an important role in tumor angiogenesis.Anti-GD3 monoclonal antibodies inhibit the growth of human melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo.In normal cells,GD3 is a cell-death effector that activates the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosome in response to apoptotic stimuli.In addition,GD3 has a proapoptotic function by suppressing the nuclear factor-kappab-dependent survival pathway.