Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Ammonia and Hydroxide with Aryl Halides: The Direct Synthesis of Primary Anilines and Phenols

摘要

The last decade has seen the palladium-catalyzed C-N and C-O bond-forming cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides emerge as tremendously powerful synthetic tools. Both processes have reached a level of sophistication that allows a wide range of coupling partners to be combined efficiently. For example, amination reactions employing nucleophiles as diverse as primary and secondary amines, amides, carbamates, anilines, azoles, ureas, and hydrazones are all known.