Stille Coupling Made Easier-The Synergic Effect of Copper(I) Salts and the Fluoride Ion

摘要

The union of two trigonal carbon centers through the Stille coupling is a versatile process which has found numerous applications in organic synthesis. However the reaction between an aryl or vinyl halide/triflate and an organostannane under palladium catalysis sometimes presents difficulties. The choice of catalyst, ligands, additives, solvent, and temperature can substantially affect the outcome and yield of the reaction.