Electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Metals and Alloys from Ionic Liquids

摘要

By definition ionic liquids are molten salts with a melting point below 100 ℃. In general, they are composed of organic cations, such as substituted imidazolium ions or tetraalkylammonium ions, and of inorganic or organic anions, such as AlCl_4~-, PF_6~-, BF_4~-, CF_3SO_3~-, and (CF_3SO_2)_2N~-, Liquids based on substituted imidazolium ions and anions of the latter type show an extraordinarily high chemical and thermal stability as well as wide electrochemical windows. Furthermore they have very low vapor pressures, even at temperatures as high as 300 ℃. These properties have lead to a great interest in technical and organic chemistry, particularly with regard to "green chemistry". A lot of different systems have been reported in the literature, and the general trend nowadays is to make hydrophobic ionic liquids that can be handled under air.