Pd~(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Activation of G(sp~2)-H and C(sp~3)-H Bonds Using Monoprotected Amino Acids as Chiral Ligands

摘要

Enantioselective C—H activation has been a longstanding challenge in catalysis and organic chemistry. The insertion of metal-bound carbenes or nitrenes into C—H bonds has been employed to develop highly enantioselective carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bond-forming reactions. The enantioselective lithiation of C(sp~3)-H bonds adjacent to the nitrogen atom in N-tert-butyloxycarbonylpyrrolidine using sec-BuLi/(—)sparteine has provided a broadly useful method for the differentiation of prochiral C(sp~3)-H bonds.