A Mechanistic Analysis of the Palladium-Catalyzed Formation of Branched Allylic Amines Reveals the Origin of the Regio- and Enantioselectivity through a Unique Inner-Sphere Pathway

摘要

A recently reported palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution of vinyl-substituted cyclic carbonates (VCCs) with aryl amines represents a rare example of a regio- and enantioselective synthesis of alpha,alpha-disubstituted allylic N-aryl amines. However, the underlying reasons for this unusual selectivity profile remain elusive. In the present work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations in combination with mechanistic control experiments were performed to elucidate in detail this allylic amination manifold and the origin of the regio- and enantioselectivity. The combined data show that after oxidative addition of the VCC to Pd-0, the nucleophilic attack via an originally proposed outer-sphere pathway gives, however, the opposite regioisomer compared to the experimental results. Instead, nucleophilic attack of the amine reagent via a unique type of chelation-assisted, inner-sphere pathway accounts for the experimentally observed "branched" regioselectivity and high enantio-control.