Formal Total Synthesis of (-)-Morphine by Cuprate Conjugate Addition

摘要

The opium alkaloids (-)-morphine (1) and (-)-codeine (2) have long been challenges for natural product synthesis. Remarkably, activity in this field has increased in recent years, as it has done with other "classical" alkaloids. The attraction of 1 and 2 results from their complex molecular architecture, which is due to a dense network of three carbocycles and two hetero-cycles containing five vicinal stereogenic carbons. One of these stereocenters (C13) is a quaternary benzylic carbon atom and therefore difficult to create.