Heavy Element π Donation Is Not Less Effective

摘要

Very strong cation stabilization results from n conjugation, for example, from the interaction between empty carbon 2p orbitals and the lone pairs on nitrogen- or oxygen-based sub-stituents. How do the heavier group 15-17 substituent lone pair donorscompare with their lighter analogs? It has been recognized for some time that π overlap arising from elements of different rows is not reduced due to differences in the p-orbital extensions.