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Language and motor abilities of preschool children who stutter: Evidence from behavioral and kinematic indices of nonword repetition performance

机译:幼儿园的语言和运动能力:非WORD重复性能的行为和运动索引的证据

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摘要

Stuttering is a disorder of speech production that typically arises in the preschool years, and many accounts of its onset and development implicate language and motor processes as critical underlying factors. There have, however, been very few studies of speech motor control processes in preschool children who stutter. Hearing novel nonwords and reproducing them engages multiple neural networks, including those involved in phonological analysis and storage and speech motor programming and execution. We used this task to explore speech motor and language abilities of 31 children aged 4-5. years who were diagnosed as stuttering. We also used sensitive and specific standardized tests of speech and language abilities to determine which of the children who stutter had concomitant language and/or phonological disorders. Approximately half of our sample of stuttering children had language and/or phonological disorders. As previous investigations would suggest, the stuttering children with concomitant language or speech sound disorders produced significantly more errors on the nonword repetition task compared to typically developing children. In contrast, the children who were diagnosed as stuttering, but who had normal speech sound and language abilities, performed the nonword repetition task with equal accuracy compared to their normally fluent peers. Analyses of interarticulator motions during accurate and fluent productions of the nonwords revealed that the children who stutter (without concomitant disorders) showed higher variability in oral motor coordination indices. These results provide new evidence that preschool children diagnosed as stuttering lag their typically developing peers in maturation of speech motor control processes.Educational objectives: The reader will be able to: (a) discuss why performance on nonword repetition tasks has been investigated in children who stutter; (b) discuss why children who stutter in the current study had a higher incidence of concomitant language deficits compared to several other studies; (c) describe how performance differed on a nonword repetition test between children who stutter who do and do not have concomitant speech or language deficits; (d) make a general statement about speech motor control for nonword production in children who stutter compared to controls.
机译:口吃是学龄前多年来通常出现的语音生产障碍,并且其发病和开发的许多账户涉及语言和电机过程作为关键的潜在因素。然而,在口吃的学龄前儿童中的语音电机控制过程的研究非常少。听到新的非单词和再现它们可以参与多个神经网络,包括参与音韵分析和存储和语音电机编程和执行的神经网络。我们使用这项任务来探索4-5岁的31岁儿童的语音电机和语言能力。被诊断为口吃的岁月。我们还使用敏感和特定的标准化测试的语音和语言能力,以确定口吃的儿童伴随着语言和/或语音紊乱。大约一半的口吃儿童样本有语言和/或语音障碍。随着以前的调查建议,与通常发展儿童相比,具有伴随语言或语音声音障碍的口吃儿童在非WORD重复任务中产生了显着的错误。相比之下,被诊断为口吃的儿童,但是具有正常的语音和语言能力,与他们的通常流畅的同行相比,对单词重复任务进行了相同的准确性。在非记紧的准确和流畅的制作期间的间界运动员的分析显示,口味(无伴随疾病)的儿童在口腔运动协调指标中表现出更高的变化。这些结果提供了新的证据,即诊断为口吃的学龄前儿童延迟其通常在语音电机控制过程成熟中发展同行。教育目标:读者将能够:(a)讨论为什么在儿童中调查了非单词重复任务的表现口吃; (b)讨论为什么与其他几项研究相比,当前研究中口吃的儿童伴随着伴随语言赤字的发病率更高; (c)描述如何在口吃的儿童之间的非阅读性重复测试不同的表现如何,并且没有伴随的言论或语言赤字; (d)对与对照相比,与对照组的儿童进行言语电机控制的一般陈述。

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