The Carpathian Klippen Belt and types of its klippen - an attempt at a genetic classification

摘要

Based on the literature examinations and field investigations in various parts of the Pieniny Klippen Belt of the Western Carpathians, a tentative classification of the klippen forms and types is presented. The mode of the klippen separation (genetic aspect), inclination of klippen long axes (structural factor), and alterations impressed by superimposed surface processes like erosion, gravitational movements or human activities (morphologic factor) are the three major criteria considered. By their combination, the klippen are categorized to the primary types whose origin was dominantly controlled by the endogenous tectonic, or by the exogenous sedimentary processes (olistoliths), and to the secondary forms influenced by the superficial modifications.