Thermal segmentation of mid‐ocean ridge‐transform faults

Wolfson‐Schwehr Monica; Boettcher Margaret S.; Behn Mark D.

摘要

Abstract > 3‐D finite element simulations are used to calculate thermal structures and mantle flow fields underlying mid‐ocean ridge‐transform faults (RTFs) composed of two fault segments separated by an orthogonal step over. Using fault lengths and slip rates, we derive an empirical scaling relation for the critical step over length ( <mat:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:15252027:media:ggge21383:ggge21383-math-0001" wiley:location="equation/ggge21383-math-0001.png"> <mat:mrow> <mat:mover accent="true"> <mat:mrow> <mat:mrow> <mat:msub> <mat:mrow> <mat:mi>L</mat:mi> </mat:mrow> <mat:mrow> <mat:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mat:mi> </mat:mrow> </mat:msub> </mat:mrow> </mat:mrow> <mat:mo>?</mat:mo> </mat:mover> </mat:mrow> </mat:math> ), which marks the transition from predominantly horizontal to predominantly vertical mantle flow at the base of the lithosphere under a step over. Using the ratio of step over length ( L <sub>S</sub> ) to <mat:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:15252027:media:ggge21383:ggge21383-math-0002" wiley:location="equation/ggge21383-math-0002.png"> <mat:mrow> <mat:mover accent="true"> <mat:mrow> <mat:mrow> <mat:msub> <mat:mrow> <mat:mi>L</mat:mi> </mat:mrow> <mat:mrow> <mat:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mat:mi> </mat:mrow> </mat:msub> </mat:mrow> </mat:mrow> <mat:mo>?</mat:mo> </mat:mover> </mat:mrow> </mat:math> , we define three degrees of segmentation: first‐degree, corresponding to type I step overs ( <mat:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:15252027:media:ggge21383:ggge21383-math-0003" wiley:location="equation/ggge21383-math-0003.png"> <mat:mrow> <mat:msub> <mat:mrow> <mat:mi>L</mat:mi> </mat:mrow> <mat:mrow> <mat:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mat:mi> </mat:mrow> </mat:msub> </mat:mrow> <mat:mo>/</mat:mo> <mat:mrow> <mat:mover accent="true"> <mat:mrow> <mat:mrow> <mat:msub> <mat:mrow> <mat:mi>L</mat:mi> </mat:mrow> <mat:mrow> <mat:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mat:mi> </mat:mrow> </mat:msub> </mat:mrow> </mat:mrow> <mat:mo>?</mat:mo> </mat:mover> </mat:mrow> </mat:math> ?≥?3); second‐degree, corresponding to type II step overs (1?≤? <mat:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:15252027:media:ggge21383:ggge21383-math-0004" wiley:location="equation/ggge21383-math-0004.png"> <mat:mrow> <mat:msub> <mat:mrow> <mat:mi>L</mat:mi> </mat:mrow> <mat:mrow> <mat:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mat:mi> </mat:mrow> </mat:msub> </mat:mrow> <mat:mo>/</mat:mo> <mat:mrow> <mat:mover accent="true"> <mat:mrow> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“main”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> > 3-D有限元模拟用于计算由由正交阶跃分开的两个故障段组成的中海脊变换故障（RTFS）底层的热结构和地幔流场。使用故障长度和滑移速率，我们从长度上获得了关键步长的经验缩放关系（ <MAT：数学显示=“内联”Altimg =“URN：X-Wiley：15252027：媒体：GGGE21383：GGGE21383-Math-0001”Wiley：Location =“等式/ GGGE21383-Math-0001.png”> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：移动式动机=“真实”> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：MROW> <mat：msub> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：MI> L </ MAT：MI> </ mat：MROW> <MAT：MROW> <mat：mi mathvariant =“正常”> s </ mat：mi> </ mat：MROW> </ mat：msub> </ mat：MROW> </ mat：MROW> <mat：mo>？</ mat：mo> </ mat：移动器> </ mat：MROW> </ mat：math> ）标记从主要水平的过渡，在跨越式下，主要是水平的主要水平垂直于岩石圈底部的垂直搭桥流。使用阶跃长度的比率（ l </ i> <sub> s </ sub> ）到 <mat：数学显示=“内联”Altimg =“URN：X-Wiley：15252027：媒体：GGGE21383：GGGE21383-Math-0002”Wiley：Location =“等式/ GGGE21383-Math-0002.png”> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：移动式动机=“真实”> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：MROW> <mat：msub> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：MI> L </ MAT：MI> </ mat：MROW> <MAT：MROW> <mat：mi mathvariant =“正常”> s </ mat：mi> </ mat：MROW> </ mat：msub> </ mat：MROW> </ mat：MROW> <mat：mo>？</ mat：mo> </ mat：移动器> </ mat：MROW> </ mat：math> ，我们定义了三度的分割：一定程度，对应于I STEM的类型（ <mat：数学显示=“内联”Altimg =“URN：X-Wiley：15252027：媒体：GGGE21383：GGGE21383-Math-0003”Wiley：Location =“等式/ GGGE21383-Math-0003.png”> <MAT：MROW> <mat：msub> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：MI> L </ MAT：MI> </ mat：MROW> <MAT：MROW> <mat：mi mathvariant =“正常”> s </ mat：mi> </ mat：MROW> </ mat：msub> </ mat：MROW> <mat：mo> / </ mat：mo> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：移动式动机=“真实”> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：MROW> <mat：msub> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：MI> L </ MAT：MI> </ mat：MROW> <MAT：MROW> <mat：mi mathvariant =“正常”> s </ mat：mi> </ mat：MROW> </ mat：msub> </ mat：MROW> </ mat：MROW> <mat：mo>？</ mat：mo> </ mat：移动器> </ mat：MROW> </ mat：math> ？≥？3）;二级，对应于II型步骤（1？≤？ <mat：数学显示=“内联”Altimg =“URN：X-Wiley：15252027：媒体：GGGE21383：GGGE21383-Math-0004”Wiley：Location =“等式/ GGGE21383-Math-0004.png”> <MAT：MROW> <mat：msub> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：MI> L </ MAT：MI> </ mat：MROW> <MAT：MROW> <mat：mi mathvariant =“正常”> s </ mat：mi> </ mat：MROW> </ mat：msub> </ mat：MROW> <mat：mo> / </ mat：mo> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：移动式动机=“真实”> <MAT：MROW> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-23285/'>《Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2017年第9期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共14页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Wolfson‐Schwehr Monica&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Wolfson‐Schwehr Monica;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Boettcher Margaret S.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Boettcher Margaret S.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Behn Mark D.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Behn Mark D.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurham New Hampshire USA;</p> <p>Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurham New Hampshire USA;</p> <p>Department of Geology and GeophysicsWoods Hole Oceanographic InstituteWoods Hole Massachusetts USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=oceanic transform fault&option=203" rel="nofollow">oceanic transform fault;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=intratransform spreading center&option=203" rel="nofollow">intratransform spreading center;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=fault segmentation&option=203" rel="nofollow">fault segmentation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=fault thermal structure&option=203" rel="nofollow">fault thermal structure;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=melt transport&option=203" rel="nofollow">melt transport;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：海洋变换故障;互换器蔓延中心;故障分割;故障热结构;熔化运输; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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temperature differentials, comprises several turbo-compressor generating units with common humidifying reheater, on quasi-closed cycle</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  FR2795456A1 </span> <span> . 2000-12-29</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：利用海水温差的海洋热能转换器，包括几台带有常规加湿再热器的涡轮压缩机发电机组，处于准闭环循环状态 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130421764212.html">Extendable roof ridge and edge ventilation element has air permeable, water-resistant and fire resistant middle section, which is made of arbitrary, thermally or mechanically formed plastic strips</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  DE102010050121A1 </span> <span> . 2012-05-03</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> 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