Groundwater Quality Assessment in Srikalahasthi Mandal, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, South India.

摘要

The present study aimed to assess the groundwater quality in Sri Kalahasthi Mandal, Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh State. A total number of 40 groundwater samples were collected from various parts of the study area during pre-monsoon period (May-2017) to evaluate its parameters such as (pH), EC, Calcium (Ca~(2+) ), Magnesium (Mg~(2+)), Sodium (Na~+), Potassium (K~+), Sulphate (SO_4~(2-)), Chloride (Cl~- ), and Bicarbonate (HC03 ). The results indicate that these parameters are spatially inhomogeneous and the groundwater samples can be classified to be Na-Cl and Mixed Ca-Na-HCO_3 types. Moreover, Gibbs diagram suggest that precipitation dominance is the main process controlling the hydrochemistry of the groundwater in the study area. In association with WHO standards, the majority of the groundwater samples can meet up the requirement for drinking with few exceptions. In the study area, elevated concentrations of chlorides and sulphates serve as indicators of groundwater pollution due to the local anthropogenic contamination by septic tanks, sewage systems, and agricultural fertilizers. Moreover, the suitability of groundwater for irrigation was determined according to the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), percentage sodium (% Na) and permeability index (PI), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly's ratio and magnesium ratio. The study has been concluded that the water from the study area is suitable and irrigation with few exceptions.