We present detailed theoretical evaluation and thorough experimental investigation of quantitative phase imaging using our previously demonstrated dual-plane in-line digital holographic microscopy technique [Opt. Lett. 35, 3426 (2010)]. This evaluation is based on the recording of two interferograms at slightly different planes and numerically reconstructing the object information. The zero-order diffracted wave is eliminated by using the method of subtraction of average intensity of the entire hologram, and the twin-image diffracted wave is removed by Fourier domain processing of the two recorded holograms. Experiments are performed using controlled amplitude and phase objects and human muscle cells to demonstrate the potential of this technique.
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