Disability, Despotism, Deoxygenation—From Exile to Academy Member: Nikolai Matveevich Kizhner

摘要

Political activism by chemists is nothing new: Linus Pauling received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1962 for his nuclear disarmament activities; Stanislao Cannizzarro (1826-1910) fought with Garibaldi in 1848 and with John Alexander Reina Newlands (1837-1898) during the second war for Italian independence. Ignacy Moscicy (1867-1946) was President of Poland from 1926 to 1939, Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013) was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1979 to 1990, Angela Merkel (born 1954) became Chancellor of Germany in 2005, and Chaim Weiszmann (1874-1952) was the first President of the State of Israel. Frederic Joliot-Curie was an active member of the French Resistance during World War II. In most cases, the consequences of activism bv chemists