Indium(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation, Crotylation, and α-Chloroallylation of Hydrazones with Rare Constitutional and High Configurational Selectivities

摘要

The main group metal indium is appealing for use in catalysis, as indium-based compounds have low toxicity, and are inexpensive, selective, and tolerant toward functional groups. Although In~(III) Lewis acids are commonly used in catalysis, In~I compounds can display amphiphilic properties depending on the ligands to which they are coordinated, owing to two vacant p orbitals (acid) and a lone pair of electrons (base). Despite this intriguing character, synthesis exploiting In~I is rare; more than stoichiometric amounts of In~I reagents are generally required in synthetic use.