Synthesis of β,γ-Unsaturated Acids from Allenes and Carbon Dioxide

摘要

There is increasing interest in the use of carbon dioxide as a starting material for chemical reactions. The main reason for this interest is the widespread acceptance that rising atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide are directly responsible for global warming and the associated climate changes.If waste carbon dioxide produced by major fixed-site producers, such as fossil-fuel power stations, oil refineries, ammonia plants, and cement works, could be converted into feedstocks for the chemicals industry, this would not only reduce carbon dioxide emissions, but would also provide a new revenue stream for these industries. However, the raw material for almost all of the chemicals industry is currently provided by less than 10 % of the output of an oil refinery, the remaining output being used as fuel. Thus, even if the chemicals industry could utilize carbon dioxide as its only starting material, the maximum achievable reduction in carbon dioxide emissions would be of the order of 10-20% (taking into account that the chemicals industry currently uses both chemicals and energy produced from fossil fuels). This figure would, however, be considerably higher if carbon dioxide was to be converted into chemicals for use as fuels as well as building blocks for the chemicals industry.