Treatment and Stabilization of Beak Symphyseal Separation Using Interfragmentary Wiring and Provisional Bis-acryl Composite

摘要

Few examples exist in the veterinary literature detailing the treatment of maxillary or mandibular beak injuries in birds. Unlike maxillofacial injuries in other companion animal species, treatment in these species are not complicated by the presenceof tooth structure or a pronounced neurovascular structure analogous to the inferior alveolar artery, vein and nerve seen in canines and felines. In avian species, surgical management can be complicated by the delicacy of the vascular supply to the keratinized structures.'2 An intact vascular supply to the beak and keratinized covering ultimately determines if healing will occur.'"4 Rhamphotheca refers to the keratinized covering of the maxillary and mandibular bones. This term is further divided into the maxillary keratinized covering, rhinotheca, and the mandibular keratinized covering, gnathotheca.