HABITAT MODIFICATIONS BY SCOTCH BROOM CYTISUS SCOPARIUS INVASION OF GRASSLANDS OF THE UPPER NILGIRIS IN INDIA

摘要

We describe the effects of invasion of Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius (L) Link.) on the high elevation grassland ecosystem of the Nilgiri Hills, in India. Native grasses are shaded-out by its invasion, and are adapted to low soil nitrogen, as indicated by the non-flowering of dominant grasses, except when induced by fire or fertiliser application. The invader has overwhelmed the grassland and exhibits unique characteristics. Its invasion has affected the grassland dependent and near-threatened Nilgiri Pipit Anthus nilghiriensis, and has changed the habitat utilisation of Sambar Cervus unicolor, which acts as a seed disseminator also. Preliminary observations on the effectiveness of control experiments are also discussed. The mechanism of the invader's success and immediate grassland preservation requirements are discussed.