Survival of common goldeneye Bucephala clangula ducklings in relation to weather, timing of breeding, brood size, and female condition.

摘要

The survival of common goldeneye Bucephala clangula ducklings during their first week of life was studied in relation to hatching date, brood size, female condition, and weather (temperature and precipitation) during the first week post-hatch by using data from radio-marked females and their broods. Also, age-specific variation in the survival of the young was determined until fledging (over 50 d of age). Survival was lowest in the first week after hatching. Hatching date, brood size, and first week temperature and precipitation were poor predictors of duckling survival during the first week after nest exodus. Instead, the ducklings of females in a better body condition survived better in their first week of life. The results suggest that weather does not have a direct effect on downy ducklings' survival, but the condition of the female seems to be an important determinant of the survival of common goldeneye ducklings.