Polymeric and Composite bone cements and related materials.Part I.Classical Methacrylic Cements and Their Modifications

摘要

A review (76 references) of the classical methacrylic osseous cements and the solutions aimed to maximize the durability of cured mate-rials,to minimize the necessity of hip arthroplasty revision as well as to find of such materials usefulness in the other orthopedic cases,was done.The compositions and requirements concerning the bone cements have been dis-cussed (Table 1).Mechanical properties of rigid tissues and the materials used in orthopedics (Table 2) have been compared.The problems related to methacrylic cements use were presented.Various ideas focused on the im-provement of application properties of the bone cements' type materials as well as on their readjustments to the other than arthroplasty aims were pre-sented.The solutions based on the modification of application procedure,physical modification - e.g.introduction of fibrous fillers,changes of granu-lometric composition or liquid or powder component parts - or chemical modifications based on the cement chemical composition change.Chemical modification was realized by replacing of the classical initiation system:ben-zoyl peroxide - dimethyltoluidine with another initiation systems,replacing of PMMA,in powder component,with another polymers as well as total or partial replacing of methyl methacrylate in a liquid part of cement with ano-ther monomers (Table 3).These monomers are chosen from higher methacry-lates,methacrylates with functional groups including hydroxyalkyl ones,and aliphatic or aromatic dimethacrylates e.g.2,2/-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacry-loiloxypropoxy) phenyl] propane (bis-GMA),known from composite dental fillings.