摘要:Objective To explore the related risk factors of hospital infection in the operation room,and analyze the cause and the control measures.Methods 2600 operation patients were selected randomly in our hospital from January in 2012 to June in 2014,and the patients were divided into infection group (n=90)and non-infection group (n=2510).To observe the primary infection site and the infection risk factors, and compared the operation room air quality and hand hygiene of two group.Results The main infection sites were the respiratory tract,operation incision,urinary tract,the lung and other sites.The air colony number of pre-operation,postoperative and hand colony number in infection group were (210.42 ± 51.33)cfu/cm3 ,(877.31±76.52)cfu/cm3 and (4.56±0.91)cfu/cm3 respectively,which were higher than the no-infection group (P<0.05).Multiariable Logistic regression analysis result showed that the infection rate of the patients >60 years old,the time of combined other chronic disease,had emergency surgery,pollution operation and the operation duration were both >2 h,operation times>1 times,application of ventilator and intraoperative visitors >3,the higher number of postoperative air colony number and hand colony number were the independent risk factors of operation room infection (P<0.05 ).Conclusion Hospital infection in operation room were the respiratory and operation incision infection,and there were related with the age of patients,whether combined with other chronic diseases,mode of operation,operation type, duration of operation,number of operation,intraoperative blood transfusion and application of ventilator, intraoperative visitors,air quality and hand hygine of medical staffs.%目的:探讨手术室医院感染相关危险因素,分析其发生原因及对策.方法采用巢式病例对照研究的方法选取2012年1月至2014年6在温州医科大学附属第一医院进行手术治疗的2600例患者作为研究对象,根据是否发生手术室医院感染分为病例组(感染组)90例和对照组(非感染组)2510例,收集感染组患者的主要感染部位及所有患者的感染相关危险因素和手术室空气质量、手卫生状况等资料.结果手术患者主要感染部位依次为呼吸道、手术切口、泌尿道、肺部及其他部位;感染组术前、后空气菌落数及手菌落数分别为(210.42±51.33)、(877.31±76.52)、(4.56±0.91)cfu/cm3,均高于非感染组(P<0.05).Logistic多元逐步回归结果表明,年龄>60岁、合并其他慢性病、进行紧急手术、手术类型为污染手术、手术持续时间>2h、手术次数>1次、术中输血及应用呼吸机、术中参观人数>3人、术后空气菌落数及手菌落数高是手术患者发生手术室医院感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论手术室医院感染主要为呼吸道和手术切口感染,与患者年龄、是否合并其他慢性病、手术模式、手术类型、手术持续时间、手术次数、术中是否输血及应用呼吸机、术中参观人数、手术室空气质量及医护人员手卫生状况等相关.