The Cognitive of Collective Action in Campaign-Based Watershed Management: The Case of Farmers in Ethiopian Highlands

摘要

With the increased importance of collective action in many phases of natural resource management, it is necessary to focus on farmers' cognitive abilities, such as intellect, social capital (social relationships), and orientation (symmetric information), which enhance group or team ability to solve problems through collective action, not missing physical abilities. Due to low land efficiency as a result of land degradation, the regime is reliant on continuing watershed management collective activity. Participating in a large-scale collective activity could be facilitated by different populations' cognitive abilities. As a result, this review article examined cognitive collective action in campaign-based watershed management in Ethiopia's highlands, as well as how cognition is linked to physical practices and what factors influence farmers' decisions to participate in collective action. Then, through strategic and expanded kinds of cooperative games, experimental games were taken. This has been done using both conceptual and analytical frameworks. Web Science Page Googled and reviewed a total of eighty-one articles and published books. Then, at the end, their connections and gaps in the literature were highlighted. As a result, it is plausible to conclude that investing in farmers' collective action cognition can result in beneficial changes in land degradation. As a result, future academics and policymakers should concentrate on: 1) integrating social capital and collective orientation with watershed management to support collective action. 2) The interplay between cognitive (mental) and physical abilities. 3) Amending property rights and strengthening institutions. As a result, researchers can use the findings to develop policy and extension efforts that prioritize future farmer cognition.