Urea blocks without molasses made of a variety of by-products and binders

摘要

SeventestswerecarriedoutfromJunetoNovember1993tomakeurea-blocks(UB)usingavarietyofagriculturalby-productsandbinders.Inafactorialarrangementofthetreatments,twobinders(slakedlimeandcement)atthreelevels(0,5and10%),werestudiedintest1.Intest2,theeffectoflevelofscreenedpoultrylitter(25,35,45,55%)onthequalityofUBwasexamined.Intest3,theinfluenceofgroundbarleygrainandofchoppedbarleystraw(0.5-2cm)onUBcharacteristicswasstudied.Inafourthtesttheeffectoflevelofwater(4vs.6litresper10kgmix)onthecharacteristicsofUBformulaewithorwithoutgroundbarleygrainorchoppedstrawwasexamined.Inanothertest(test5),theeffectoflevelofbrewersgrain(0,50and65%)andofbinderonUBcharacteristicswasstudied.Finally,inanothertwoteststhecharacteristicsofUBmadeofdifferentlevels(0,50and65%)oftomatopulp(test6)andcrudeolivecake(COLC)(10,20,30,40,50and78%)(test7)werestudied.SlakedlimewaseffectiveinreplacingcementforUBmaking(trial1).Combinationofthetwobindersgaveharderblocks(UB3vs.UB5).LimegaveharderUBthancement(UB3vs.UB7).Tenpercentcementorlimealonegavesoftblockswhereas5%ofeachgaveblocksofgoodhardness(H)andcompactness(C).Test2showedthatcombinationofPLwithwheatbranalongwithbinders,saltandureagaveUBofpoorHandC.Contrary,intest3incorporationandofgroundbarleygraingavebetterqualityUB.Increasingthelevelofwaterfrom40to60lper100kgmixturedidnotaffecttheHbutimprovedtheCofblocks.IncorporationofbrewersgrainimprovedUBblockquality.TomatopulpincorporationgaveUBthatcouldbeeasilytransportedbutwereoflowdensityandspongy.Ontheotherhand,COLCgaveUBofgoodHandC.ItisconcludedthatUBcanbemadeofavarietyofby-productswithoutanymolassesandthatlimecanreplacemostofthecement.