不同调控措施对油橄榄促花保果的影响

摘要

为了寻找适合油橄榄促花保果的调控技术措施,以昆明市海口林场1964年从阿尔巴尼亚引种的油橄榄为试验对象,比较分析油橄榄在水肥管理、喷施植物生长调节剂、人工授粉单项及综合调控处理下的花果指标和果实性状的差异,探讨影响油橄榄开花结果的原因.结果表明,人工授粉调控和综合调控对油橄榄的花序数、花枝数、成花率、花枝率、幼果数、熟果数均有明显的提升作用.不同调控处理均显著提高了油橄榄的坐果率,水肥调控显著提高了油橄榄的果肉率.此外,油橄榄在果实成熟过程中均出现了明显的落果现象,但在不同调控处理下的落果效应比对照有所减轻.%In order to screen out a suitable regulation measures for promoting flowers and preserving fruits in Olea europaea,using O.europaea in Kunming Haikou Forest Farm as the tested object,which was introduced from Albania in 1964,differences of flower and fruit indexes and fruit characteristics in O.europaea under the condition of water and fertilizer management,spraying plant growth regulators,artificial pollination and integrated regulation measures were analyzed and compared,and reasons influencing flowering and fruiting in O.europaea were explored.The results showed that artificial pollination and comprehensiver regulation had a significant effects on promoting inflorescence number,flower branch number,flowering rate,young fruit number and ripe fruit number in O.europaea.Different regulation treatments significantly increased fruit setting rate in O.europaea,and water and fertilizer regulation significantly increased pulp rate in O.europaea.In addition,O.europaea appeared a obvious fruit dropping phenomenon during fruit ripening,but drop effect in different regulation treatments had been reduced than the control.