南方某工业区大气总悬浮颗粒物重金属来源解析及其对土壤环境质量的影响

摘要

Determination of heavy metals in atmospheric total suspended particulate matter(TSP)can provide the theoretical basis for the ecological risk assessment of heavy metals and environmental remediation work. The environmental effects of heavy metals in atmospheric TSP and surface soil(0 - 20 cm)were studied in an industrial city of southern China. TSP samples were collected by atmospheric active sampling technique. The content of heavy metals in TSP was determined by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. The characteristics and sources of heavy metals were analyzed by enrichment factor and Pearson coefficient method. The results show that the highest content of Zn,Pb and Cd in the study area is 30809. 06 × 10 - 6 ,9902. 91 × 10 - 6 ,and 1011. 21 × 10 - 6 ,respectively,which are 201. 43,222. 53,5616. 20 times higher than the soil background values in China,and thus the pollution is serious. Cr and Ni contents were 1. 83 and 2. 96 times higher than the soil background values in China. Zn,Pb,Cd,Hg,As are enriched mainly from smelting, thermal power,and chemical plants as well as other artificial sources. The content of heavy metals in the soil of the study area shows a significantly positive correlation with the content of heavy metals in TSP,and thus the main source of heavy metals in the soil originates from atmospheric deposition.%解析大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的重金属来源可为重金属生态风险评价和环境修复提供理论依据.本文研究了中国南方某工业城市冶炼厂周边冬季 TSP 和表层土壤(0 ~ 20 cm)中的重金属环境效应.采用大气主动采样技术收集 TSP 样品,原子荧光光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其中重金属的含量,结合富集因子法和 Pearson 系数法分析重金属含量特征及其来源.结果表明,研究区 TSP 中 Zn、Pb、Cd 含量最高达到 30809. 06 × 10 - 6、9902. 91 × 10 - 6、1011. 21 × 10 - 6 ,分别是中国土壤背景值的 201. 43、222. 53、5616. 20倍,属于污染严重级别;Ni、Cr 含量分别是中国土壤背景值的 1. 83 倍和 2. 96 倍.冶炼厂、火力发电厂和化工厂等人为源是 Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As 等重金属富集的主导因素;土壤重金属含量与 TSP 重金属含量呈显著正相关,可判定研究区土壤的重金属来源主要为大气沉降.