杏采后病害病原拮抗菌的分离筛选及鉴定

摘要

针对杏采后主要病害病原菌细交链孢(Alternaria tenuis Nees)和灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Pers.ex Fr.)进行拮抗菌的分离筛选及鉴定,分别采用组织分离法、表面分离法和土壤稀释分离法从杏果实、叶片及根围土壤中进行了分离并采用离体和活体筛选,对拮抗效果好的菌株JK-14和JK-11进行形态学、生理生化及分子生物学鉴定.共分离到14株对这两种病原菌都具有抑制效果的菌株,占分离总数的13.5％,离体筛选结果表明:JK-14和JK-11能明显抑制病原菌的菌丝生长,对细交链孢和灰葡萄孢的抑制效果R分别为0.74和0.68,0.74和0.73.活体筛选结果表明,JK-14和JK-11对杏采后黑斑病和灰霉病的防治效果显著,处理果实的发病率和病斑直径明显小于对照.经鉴定,JK-14和JK-11分属芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)和类芽胞杆菌属(Paenibacillus).%To isolate and screen the antagonistic strains inhibiting Alternaria tenuis Nees and Botrytis cinerea Pers.ex Fr.causing apricots postharvest diseases,the plant tissue separation,fruit surface separation and soil dilution separation methods were used to isolate the strains from fruits,leaves and soil samples,respectively,and screened in vitro and in vivo.The morphology,physiology,biochemistry and molecular biology were employed to identify JK-14 and JK-11 with better antagonistic effects.There were 14 strains that had inhibition effects on the two pathogens,accounting for 13.5％ of the total number of isolates.The antagonistic strains JK-14 and JK-11 could obviously inhibit the growth of pathogenic hyphae by in vitro screening,and the inhibitory effect Rs in A.tenuis and B.cinerea were 0.74/0.68 and 0.74/0.73,respectively.The results of the in vivo screening indicated that the prevention effects on postharvest Alternaria rot and gray mold by JK-14 and JK-11 were remarkable,and the incidence and the disease spot diameter of the treatment fruits were significantly less than the control.JK-14 and JK-11 were identified as Bacillus and Paenibacillus.