象山港大型底栖动物功能群研究

摘要

From July 2006 to August 2008, eight bimonthly cruises were conducted to investigate the macrobenthos at 13 research stations in the Xiangshan Bay. Based on feeding habits, we studied the composition and diversity of the macrobenthic communities. According to their food preferences, the macrobenthos were categorized into five functional groups including the planktophagous group （P1）, the phytophagous group （Ph）, the camivorous group （C）, the omnivorous group （O）, and the detritivorous group （D）. The number of species of each functional group can be ranked in the order of C 〉 P1 〉 O 〉 D 〉 Ph; the percentage of the inhabited density of each functional group can be ranked in the order of P1 〉 C 〉 D 〉 Ph 〉 O, and the percentage of the biomass of each functional group can be ranked as P1 〉 D 〉 C 〉 O 〉 Ph. The number of species, inhabited density and biomass data from these two surveys were analyzed using two-factor ANOVA, and the results showed that the these parameters were significantly different among different stations although two surveys did not exhibit significant difference. This result confirmed that the structure of macrobenthic functional groups reflected habitat gradient in the intertidal zone and fluctuation in the natural environments.%2006年7月-2008年8月对象山港13个站位进行了8个航次的大型底栖动物采样调查。运用较大的空间尺度和以食性为基础的功能群研究方法，研究象山港大型底栖动物功能群组成及其多样性。根据食性类型将底栖动物划分为浮游生物食者（P1）、植食者（Ph）、肉食者（C）、杂食者（O）和碎屑食者（D）5个功能群。各功能群所含物种种类占全部种类的百分比从高到低的顺序依次为C〉P1〉O〉D〉Ph：栖息密度百分比高低依次为P1〉C〉D〉Ph〉O；生物量百分比从高到低的顺序依次为P1〉D〉C〉O〉Ph。对不同功能群连续两周年年种类数量、年栖息密度和年生物量数据进行无重复双因素方差分析，其结果显示：不同功能群之间的差异皆极显著，周年之间的差异皆不显著。证实了大型底栖动物功能群结构是海域生境梯度及环境因子变化的综合反映。