The sequence of 16S rRNA was used to investigate the genetic structure and genetic variation of four popu- lations of Mytilus coruscus in coastal waters of southeast China Sea. Partial sequence of 305bp was obtained through se- quencing the 16S rRNA gene of 83 individuals from four M. coruscus populations. 150 polymorphic sites, 28 haplotypes were detected out of 83 individuals from four populations. The haplotype diversity index （Hd）, mean nucleotide diversity index （Pi） and average number of nucleotide differences （K） reached 0.810, 0.09602 and 27.846, respectively. Results above showed that M. coruscus in coastal waters of southeast China Sea keep plentiful genetic variation in its natural populations. The genetic structure test results show that the genetic distance among the populations of Zhoushan, Wenzhou, and Ningde were so low, their Fst among -0.0141--0.0059, no significant divergence was detected （P〉0.05）. The genetic distance between the population of Fuzhou and other three populations were higher. Fst among 0.6217--0.6319, significant divergence was detected （P〈0.001）.%采用16SrRNA基因测序技术，对我国东南沿海4个地理群体的厚壳贻贝遗传结构及遗传变异进行研究。通过对4个厚壳贻贝群体共83个个体的线粒体16SrRNA基因进行测序，获得1个长度为305bp的同源序列，共检测到150个多态位点，多态位点比例达49．18％。83个个体中共检测到28个单倍型，单倍型多样性指数（Hd）为0．810，核苷酸多样性指数（Pt）为0．09602，平均核苷酸差异数㈤达27．846。结果表明，我国东南沿海厚壳贻贝群体具有较高的遗传多样性水平。遗传结构检测结果表明，舟山群体、温州群体、宁德群体间的遗传距离小，遗传分化系数（Fst）为-0．0141—0．0059之间，群体内部无显著分化（P〉0．05），而福州群体与其它群体间遗传距离较大，为0．215—0．217之间，遗传分化系数（Fst）也较大，为0．6217—0．6319之间，存在极显著的遗传分化俨〈0．001）。
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