77种植物提取物对植物病原菌的生长抑制作用

摘要

以稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia grisea),水稻恶苗病菌(Fusarium moniliforme),玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)等12种植物病原菌为供试菌种,采用生长速率法对77种植物的95%乙醇提取物在200 μg/mL下进行室内抑菌试验.结果表明有15种植物提取物对植物病原菌有抑制作用,其中华山姜、硬骨藤、龙舌兰、红蒜、大花哥纳香、海南草珊瑚对至少一种菌的抑制率在50%以上,版纳青梅、大果巴戟、华山姜等8种植物提取物对至少三种病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用.红蒜提取物对百合炭疽病菌、海南草珊瑚提取物对番茄灰霉病菌,以及龙舌兰提取物对玉米大斑病菌的抑制率分别为61.4%、70.7%、76.6%,与阳性对照抑制率相比效果明显.%The antifungal activities of 77 plant extracts were tested against Pyricularia grisea,Fusarium moniliforme, Exserohilum turcicum,etc.at 200 μg/mL with growth rate method.The result showed that 15 plant extracts had inhibitory effects on the mycelia growth.Among them, the extracts of Alpinia chinensis, Pycnarrhena poilanei, Agave americana,Eleutherrine plicata, Gonioth alamusgriffithii, and Sarcandra hainanensis had significant growth inhibitory effects at least on the mycelia of one pathogen with the inhibition ratio over 50％, while other 8 extracts such as Vatica xishuangbannensis,Morindu cochinchinensis, and Alpinia chinensis showed inhibitory actions against at least three pathogens.Compared with the positive control, Eleutherrine plicata,Sarcandra hainanensis, and Agave Americana had stronger inhibiting effects (61.4 ％ ,70.7％ ,and 76.6％ ) against Colletotrichum liliacearum,Botrytis cinerea,and Exserohilum turcicum,respectively.