细菌菌膜的成分、调控及其与植物的关系

摘要

Biofilm is a highly structured bacterial community state.Bacterial extracellular matrix substances such as EPS,eDNA,and extracellular proteins are involved in the formation of biofilm.These matrix substances enhance biofilm mechanical stability,promote bacterial adhesion to solid surface,facilitate nutrient circulation and gene transfer,and provide other advantages to the bacterial survival.Biofilm formation is related to quorum sensing,C-di-GMP and sRNA.In soil environment habitat plenty of bacteria,many of which colonize plant roots and thus interact with host plants intensively.Biofilm is known to play an important role in plant colonization by soil bacteria including both phytopathogenic and plant beneficial ones.In this paper the biofilm studies are reviewed with a focus on biofilm composition,regulation and,especially its association with plant roots.%菌膜是细菌群落发展的一种高度组织化的群体状态.在菌膜形成过程中,细菌胞外物质EPS (Exopolysaccharides)、eDNA (Extracellular DNA)、胞外蛋白等都参与菌膜的形成,它们为菌膜提供机械稳定性,帮助细菌粘附到物体表面,促进菌膜中不同细菌间物质的循环及基因的水平转移.菌膜形成涉及到群体感应、C-di-GMP (Cyclic diguanylate monophosphate)和sRNA等一系列调控机制.土壤环境中栖息着大量的微生物,许多土壤微生物定殖于植物根际,从而与植物发生着密切的相互作用;菌膜的形成是细菌稳定定殖于植物根际的关键因素,有助于植物促生菌或致病菌在根际更好的生存.本文就菌膜的成分、调控及其与植物的关系等三个方面的内容进行综述.