试析“莫之或 V”兼说“或”作助动词∗

摘要

There have been intense debates about the exact meaning and internal structure of phrases such as mo zhi huo qi (莫之或欺)and mo zhi huo zhi (莫之或止).This paper holds that the structure of mo zhi huo v (莫之或 v)is not homogenious because the part of speech and meaning of mo (莫)and huo (或)are different in different structures.The word huo in some structures of mo zhi huo v should be considered as neng (能)(can,be able to)which is an auxiliary verb.This is the first time such an opinion is proposed.In this case,the word mo in the phrase is usually an indefinite pro-noun,but sometimes it could be an adverb.The word huo in some structures of mo zhi huo v should be considered as you (有)which is an indefinite pronoun.In this case,mo is an adverb negating the whole subject-predicate structure that follows rather than modifying any specific word.The meaning of mo zhi huo v [莫(adverb)之或(pronoun)v]is similar to that of mo zhi v [莫(pronoun)之 v]but quite different from that of mo zhi v [莫(pronoun)之 v].Other phrases like bu qi huo j i (不其或稽) and wu shi huo yuan (无时或怨)have similar meanings with mo zhi huo v but have occurred dia-chronically earlier than and possibly had an impact on the latter.%“莫之或欺”、“莫之或止”这类短语的确切含义及内部结构一直存在争议。文章认为“莫之或 V”不是单一结构，“莫”、“或”的词性词义在不同结构中是不一样的。部分“莫之或 V”的“或”应训“能”，是助动词，此点长期未被揭破；这时短语中的“莫”基本是无定代词，但也可能是副词。部分“莫之或 V”的“或”则应训“有”，为无定代词，这时“莫”是副词，不过它不是修饰某一个词，而是对其后整个主谓结构的的否定。“莫(副词)之或(代词)V”所表达的意思与“莫(代词)之 V”基本相当，而与“莫(副词)之 V”差别明显。《尚书》“不其或稽”、“无时或怨”与“莫之或 V”相类而出现更早，可能对后者产生过影响。