硼锌铜微肥配施对山核桃生长和产量的影响

摘要

Long-term experiment was conducted on application of B, Zn and Cu fertilizer at Carya cathayensis forest in Lin’an, Zhejiang province from 2012 to 2014. Determinations were implemented on B, Zn and Cu content in leaf, as well as pollen viability and fruit yield. Results showed that fertilizer treatments could increase B and Zn content in leaf by 5.3%-46.2% and 2.3-44.5%, compared to the control(no treatment), but had evident effect on Cu content. B, Zn and Cu content in leaf of treated stand decreased from April to September, ordered by Cu > Zn > B. B and Zn fertilizer could improve pollen viability and increase fruit yield, especially in the second year of application. The experiment demonstrated that B and Zn fertilizer had much better effect than Cu on leaf nutrition, pollen viability and fruit yield.%2012-2014年，在浙江省临安市山核桃（Carya cathayensis）林地开展了微肥定位试验。对山核桃叶片硼（B）、锌（Zn）和铜（Cu）的进行动态测定，分析B、Zn和Cu肥对山核桃叶片养分变化的影响、与山核桃花粉活力和山核桃产量的关系。结果表明：B、Zn、Cu微肥配施都能有效提高山核桃叶片中B、Zn含量，叶片B、Zn含量增幅分别为5.3%~46.2%和2.3%~44.5%，对叶片Cu的含量影响没有明显规律；从生长初期（4月）、灌浆期（7月）至成熟期（9月），山核桃叶片B、Zn和Cu含量呈逐渐下降趋势，下降幅度为Cu > Zn > B；硼锌配施显著提高山核桃花粉活力，铜肥对花粉活力无影响；B、Zn同时施用能显著提高山核桃产量，第2年的效果更为明显。试验证明B和Zn对山核桃叶片、花粉活力和山核桃产量的影响均较Cu大，建议在施肥管理中，注重硼肥和锌肥的施用。