“一以贯之”：孔子仁道的开显与言说﹡

摘要

“Being consistent”is the essential characteristic of Confucius’ concept of Ren.Ren is not an abstract principle of value,but the spiritual unity reflected in the concrete practice of judgments and behaviors throughout life.The meaning of Ren and the practice of life are interdependent,which determines Ren not as a fixed or objective concept.Confucius had a special discourse to express the generative and practical features of Ren embodied in“rare saying”or “without saying”,which is con-sistent with the practical spirit of Ren.%“一以贯之”是孔子仁道的本质特征，也是我们理解仁道实践精神的关键。孔子的仁道不是抽象的价值原则，而是面向生命实践的具体性，是通过每一个具体判断和特殊行为体现出来的贯穿一生的统一的精神意旨。孔子自身实践生命的具体展开作为原始的“典范”，是仁道最为真实地呈现。仁道之开显与实践生命之展开的同一性，排斥一切对“仁”作现成化、对象化的言说。仁道一以贯之的实践精神，在孔子特殊的言仁方式中得到了彰显，在“罕言”、“不言”之际获得了极致的展现。仁道的开显与言说，以孔子一生的生命实践为源泉；仁道的领会和通达，也要以学者真挚的生命投入为依据。“一以贯之”是孔子仁道实践精神的“不秘之密”。