“公车上书”概念之源流考

摘要

学术界对＂公车上书＂事件中＂公车＂一词的含义存在不同的解释,《辞海》和《辞源》在解释该词条时出现明显失误。＂公车＂来源于汉代的＂公车司马＂。＂至公车上书＂与＂公车上书＂之间存在一个由官职和机构名称到参加科举再到专指举人的演变过程。而＂安车蒲轮＂是造成《辞海》和《辞源》失误的主要原因。%There have been different explanations to the word＂Gongche＂in the incident of Gongcheshangshu.There have been mistakes in the interpretation of this word in Cihai,a comprehensive Chinese lexical-encyclopaedic dictionary and Ciyuan,a comprehensive Chinese dictionary of word origins.＂Gongche＂is derived from＂Gongchesima＂,an official rank in the Han Dynasty.There exists a transitional process from official and institutional names to the participation of imperial exams and then to the scholars who have passed the provincial level of examinations between＂Zhigongcheshangshu＂ and＂Gongcheshangshu＂.＂Anchepulun＂is the main reason that caused the mistakes in Cihai,a comprehensive Chinese lexical-encyclopaedic dictionary and Ciyuan,a comprehensive Chinese dictionary of word origins.