基于自然驾驶数据的驾驶员变道特征分析∗

摘要

为研究驾驶员的变道特征，包括变道频率、变道动机、注视行为以及转向灯使用情况，基于上海自然驾驶实验采集的驾驶员行为以及车辆运行数据，通过车道偏移值对变道事件进行识别，提取特征变量。对比分析不同类型道路上驾驶员的变道特征，得到以下结论：驾驶员变道较为频繁，城市主干道上变道频率最高，为0．82次/km；高速公路上多车道变道的比例相对较高，安全隐患较大；与美国学者 Olsen 等人的研究结果相比，驾驶员在变道前查看侧视镜与开启转向灯的比例较高，但极少转头检查盲区。频繁变道、多车道变道以及忽视盲区都是变道过程中存在的安全隐患，深入了解这些特征，从而有针对性地提出改善措施对提高行车安全性有重要意义。%In order to study characteristics of drivers′lane changing behaviors,including lane changing frequency, motivations,gazing behavior and turn signal usage,drivers′behavior and vehicle operating data are collected from Shang-hai naturalistic driving study.Lane changing is identified by lane departure and its variables are thus extracted.Character-istics of lane changing behavior are analyzed and compared between different types of road.Lane changing behavior con-stantly occurs on urban arterial road,with a frequency of 0.82 per kilometer.The rate of the multilane changing on the freeway is relatively higher,being a potential threat to the drivers.Comparing with the study results by Olsen et al.,it appears that drivers rarely carry out"shoulder check"the blind spot before lane changing behavior although,the percent-age of side mirrors check and use of turn signal is relatively high.Potential risks exist in the frequent lane changes,multi-lane changing and blind spot ignorance,which deserve further studies.