小茴香等7种植物蒸馏提取物的抑霉菌效果

摘要

以存在于水果的常见霉菌中的灰霉、黑根霉、交链孢、青霉和黑曲霉为研究对象,采用滤纸片扩散法和时倍稀释法,对小茴香、柠檬草、孜然、广藿香、肉桂叶、桉树叶和鼠尾草这7种植物的蒸馏提取物有效抑菌成分(精油)进行抑菌筛选研究.结果表明:小茴香抑菌效果最好且得率高,为1.90%,对青霉、黑根霉最低抑菌浓度(MIC)均为3.2μL/mL,灰霉、黑曲霉和交链孢MIC为6.4μL/mL;其次为肉桂叶,对交链孢和灰霉有很强抑菌效果,9d内抑菌率为100%.%By filter paper diffusion method and dilution method,the inhibition characters of Foeniculum vulgare Mill,Cymbopogon citratus , Cuminum cyminum L., Pogostemon cablin Benth, Cinnamomum cassia Presl. , Eucalyptus leaves and Salvia japonica Thunb. essential oil extracted by steam distillation were studied. Common Botrytis cinerea,Rhizopus nigricans ,Alternaria.Penicillium citrinum,Aspergillus niger in the mould existing in fruits were chosed as research objects.The results show that Foeniculum vulgare Mill is the most effective bacteriostatic agent and has the highest extraction productivity which is 1.90％. Minimal inhibitory concentration of Foeniculum vulgare Mill effect on Penicillium citrinum and Rhizopus nigricans is 3.2 μL/mL. Minimal inhibitory concentration of Foeniculum vulgare Mill effect on Botrytis cinerea,Aspergillus niger,Alternaria is 6.4 μL/mL. The latter is Cinnamomum cassia Presl,especially to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria has the best effect. The Inhibitory rate was 100％ in 9 d.