西部地区是我国重要的资源供给区和少数民族聚集区。长期以来，由于资源补偿机制的缺失和收益分配制度的不合理，西部地区“富饶的贫困”现象非常突出。如何让资源开发价值对西部的贡献在经济发展中体现出来，需要进行体制、机制创新，不断完善资源有偿使用制度，改革现行的资源税费体制和资源价格形成机制，建立资源耗竭补偿和生态环境补偿机制，协调中央、地方和企业的利益分配关系，不断加大政策向西部倾斜的力度。论文从资源补偿法律制度、产权制度、税费制度、收益分配制度、生态补偿机制、利益分享机制五个方面对当前西部地区资源开发利用补偿机制中存在的问题进行了探讨。提出要加快矿业产权制度改革，完善现行资源税费制度，理顺资源开发中各主体之间的利益分配关系，法定民族地区自然资源优先受惠权，提高矿区居民参与当地资源开发程度等政策建议。%The western regions is the important area of resources supply and ethnic minorities concentration of China. For a long time, due to the lack of resource compensation mechanism and unreasonable revenue distribution system, the phenomenon of "fertile poverty" in western region is quite prominent. How to let the contributions of the value of resources exploration to the West be given ex-pression in the economic development is to innovate the system and the mechanism, improve the system of compensated use of resources gradually, reform the current system of resources taxation as well as the mechanism for price formation of resources, establish the mech-anism for compensation for resources exhaustion and ecological environment, harmonize the profit relationship in distribution among the central authority, the local government and the enterprises, as well as issue more policies that will benefit the West greatly increasingly. The paper points out there are five main aspects of problems in compensation mechanism of resources development in western ethnic ar-eas which include resource compensation system, property rights system, tax system, revenue distribution system, ecological compen-sation mechanism and benefit-sharing mechanism. In order to solve these problems, the following measures should be taken: speeding up the reform of property right system, improving the existing resource tax system, handling the interests distribution relationship well, legalling priority right of ethnic areas from natural resources, and improving the level of local residents to take part in resources devel-opment etc.
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