为研究高速列车液压减振器阻尼特性与阀系参数之间的定量关系，以高速列车广泛采用的一种液压减振器结构形式为研究对象，结合流体动力学原理与液压传动技术分析了其阻尼力产生机理，构建并验证了复原行程阻尼力计算模型，讨论了阀系参数对高速列车液压减振器阻尼特性的影响规律．研究结果表明：常通孔直径是影响开阀前减振器阻尼特性的主要因素，阻尼力变化高达52．4％；复原孔直径是影响开阀后减振器阻尼特性的主要因素，阻尼力变化高达80．1％．根据所得结论提出了高速列车液压减振器性能设计和调校的指导原则．%A form of hydraulic shock absorber structure widely used for high-speed trains was studied to reveal the quantitative relationship between the damping characteristics of hydraulic shock absorber and valves parameters. The damping force generating mechanism was analyzed using fluid dynamics principle and hydraulic transmission technology. Then, a damping force calculation model was constructed and verified for the recovery stroke,and the influences of valves parameters on damping characteristics of the hydraulic shock absorber for high-speed trains were discussed. The results show that the diameter of the throttle holes was the major factor to impact the shock absorber's damping characteristics before the valves opened,and the damping force changed up to 52. 4%. In contrast, the diameter of the recovery hole was the major factor to impact the shock absorber's damping characteristics after the valves opened,and the damping force changed up to 80. 1%. According to the conclusion,the performance design and tuning guidelines for high-speed train shock absorbers are proposed.
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