太极拳长期习练者身心经验建构历程的质性研究

摘要

This study uses qualitative in-depth interviews, supplemented by semi-structured interview to collect and study the construction process of physical and mental experience of 6 long-term Tai-chi practitioners (3 male and 3 female). The age of the practitioners is between 27 and 73 years old, and the practice time is from 9 to 35 years. Research hasfound: 1 ) There are three reasons for practicing Tai-chi:knowledge-seeking, interpersonal relationship and aesthetic images;2 ) The construction process of physical and mental experience ofTai-chi practitioners is from technique to art and finally to concept, which is consistent with the experience learning theory of Klob;It is a process of continuous improvement of the learning cycle that is composed of four stages:specific experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active practice. When practitioners reach the balance between body and mind, they will directly enter the practical stage without reflection; yet, when practitioners experience physical and mental conflict or meet other people who are in higher body and mind level and make them as studying examples, they will produce reflections;3) The key factors of construction of physical and mental experience of Tai-chi practitioners are:the guidance of Tai-chi masters, practice mentality and good practice atmosphere, etc. 4) Long time practicing and understanding can influence and change the practitionersˊ body function, awareness, mode of life and the nature of mind and attitude.%采用质化深度访谈方式，辅以半结构访谈大纲来搜集并研究6位太极拳长期习练者身心经验构建的历程。太极拳长期习练者其拳龄从9至35年不等，年龄则介于27至73岁之间，其中3名男性、3名女性。研究发现：1)太极拳习练者习练缘起主要有求知性、人际关系、审美意象等三个方面；2)太极拳习练者从技入艺，再由艺入道的身心经验构建历程适切Klob的经验学习理论，是由具体经验、观察反思、抽象概念化及积极实践四阶段构成的学习圈不断循环提升的过程；当习练者达到“身心平衡”时，会略过反思直接进入实践阶段；当身心冲突或遇到身心水平较高的“他者”并以之为学习榜样时，会让习练者产生反思；3)影响太极拳习练者之身心经验建构的关键因素主要有：高明的太极拳老师引领，练习者的习练心态及良好习练氛围的营造等。4)在经过太极拳长期习练及领悟后，能给习练者的身体机能、觉察能力、生活模式、心性与处世态度等带来影响与改变。