一种新的组学技术-肿瘤抗原组学

摘要

肿瘤相关抗原(tumor-associated antigens,TAA)的筛选是实现肿瘤早期诊断及生物治疗的基础与瓶颈.现有技术(SEREX、SERPA、蛋白芯片等)虽在TAA筛选中取得了一系列重要成果,但并不能满足有效筛选TAA的需要.因此,建立新的筛选策略和技术平台成为筛选TAA的重要挑战.近来,为快速筛选病原体全部抗原,一种被称为抗原组(antigenome)的新型组学技术被建立起来,多种细菌的抗原组已被确定.本研究组在抗原组、肿瘤免疫组学以及其它组学研究成果的基础上,尝试提出肿瘤抗原组(Cancer antigenome)与肿瘤抗原组学(Cancer antigenomics)的概念.认为:肿瘤抗原组是指肿瘤细胞内全部抗原(蛋白类抗原和非蛋白类抗原)的总合；肿瘤抗原组学是主要利用免疫学、抗原表位组学、抗体组学及多系统组学相关高通量技术有效筛选肿瘤相关抗原的一门新兴学科.该技术将候选抗原的免疫学筛选作为TAA筛选的首要条件,显著提高了病原体抗原的筛选效率和特异性.肿瘤抗原组学的技术方案是:采用异种疫苗免疫技术,先将包含全部肿瘤抗原的肿瘤组织裂解物作为疫苗免疫动物,制备特异性抗体,再通过免疫分离、鉴定技术(免疫亲和层析、免疫沉淀技术、质谱技术)分离、鉴定TAA.显然,肿瘤抗原组学的提出为TAA的筛选提供了新的技术方法,对于筛选、确定肝癌早期生物诊断和生物免疫治疗靶标具有一定意义.%Screening tumor-associated antigens(TAA) is the foundation and bottleneck for early diagnosis and bio-therapy of tumor.By using the existing technology(SEREX,SERPA,protein chip,etc.),a series of important achievements have been obtained in screening TAA.But now,the existing technology can not meet the needs of effective screening TAA.Therefore,establishing a new screening strategy and technology platform become one of important challenges in TAA screening.Recently,a new omics technology-antigenome has been set up for rapidly screening all antigens of pathogens,by using it,a variety antigenome of bacteria has been determined.In this paper,based on the research results of the immunomics,cancer immunomics,Antigenome,epitomics and other omes and-omics,we attempt to establish a new concept of Cancer antigenome (Tumor antigenome) and Cancer antigenomics (Tumor antigenomics).They give the definition of Cancer antigenome refers to the total of the antigen within the tumor cells(protein antigen or nonprotein antigen) ; they give the definition of Cancer antigenomics refers to screen and detect the cancer antigenome of a tumor by using immunology,mass spectrometry technology.In order to remarkably raise the efficiency and specificity of antigenome screening.This technology will regard immunology screening candidate antigens as the most important condition for TAA screening.The technical scheme of Cancer antigenomics is by using xenoimmune vaccine immune consist of all of tumor tissue lysate as immunogen to immune animals for preparating specific antibody,secondly by using the immune separation technology(such as immune affinity chromatography,immune precipitation technology,mass spectrum technology,etc.) to separate and identify TAA in tumor tissue lysate.Obviously,Cancer antigenomics provides a new technology method for screening TAA.It will play very important role in screening and identification biological target for early diagnosis and biotherapy of tumor.