lncRNA 的生物标记作用及 MEG3在肿瘤中的研究进展

摘要

Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)is a novel class of RNA molecules defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that lacked protein coding potential.On the one hand,some lncRNAs can have highly specific expres-sion in particular types of cancer making them a promising tool for diagnosis.On the other hand,the expression of oth-er lncRNAs can correlate and different pathophysiological features of tumor growth and patient survival,thus making them convenient biomarkers for prognosis.Maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3),one of the lncRNAs as imprinted genes,including 12 isoforms,encodes the long non -coding RNA(lncRNA)which is associated with tumor.MEG3 plays a role in cancinogenesis by regulating p53 and promoting angiogenesis,suggesting that MEG3 and its isoforms can be used as a novel lncRNA tumor suppressor.In recent years,the research of lncRNA and tumorigenesis has be-come the focus.In this paper,we summarize the research progress of the role of lncRNA as biomarkers and MEG3 and its isoforms on tumor diseases.%长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）是 RNA 分子学的一个新类型，由于转录长度超过200个核苷酸缺乏蛋白编码潜能而得名。一些 lncRNA 在特殊类型的癌症中具有高度特异的表达使其成为潜在的诊断工具，另一些 lncRNA 与肿瘤生长和患者生存期不同的病理生理特点有相关性，使其成为指示预后的生物标记物。众多 lncRNA 之一的母系表达基因3（MEG3）是一种印记基因，包含12个亚型基因，编码与肿瘤发生相关的lncRNA。MEG3通过调节 p53和促血管再生等发挥作用，提示 MEG3及其亚型可作为一个新型的 lncRNA 肿瘤抑制因子。近年来，有关 lncRNA 与肿瘤的相关性已成为研究的热点，本文就 lncRNA 生物标记作用和MEG3及其亚型与肿瘤疾病的研究进展作一综述。