免疫检查点在肿瘤治疗中的作用机制及研究进展

摘要

免疫检查点是指免疫系统中存在的一些抑制性信号通路,通过调节外周组织中免疫反应的持续性和强度避免组织损伤,并参与维持对于自身抗原的耐受.利用免疫检查点的抑制性信号通路抑制T细胞活性是肿瘤逃避免疫杀伤的重要机制.近年来,靶向共抑制分子如CTLA-4和PD-1开发的抗体药物在临床应用中获得了巨大成功,使得肿瘤免疫治疗成为最令人瞩目的研究领域.因此靶向免疫检查点在抗肿瘤免疫治疗中有着广阔的应用前景.%The immune checkpoint refers to a plethora of inhibitory pathways in the immune system.These pathways are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance and modulating the duration and amplitude of physiological immune respon-ses in peripheral tissues to minimize collateral tissue damage.Tumors use certain immune-check point pathways as a major mechanism of immune resistance.Recently,great clinical successes have been achieved in drugs targeting co-inhibitory signaling such as CTLA-4 and PD-1,which makes immunotherapy become the most notable research area. Therefore,the immune checkpoint block is a new promising trend in anti-tumor immunotherapy.