钢结构中高强螺栓连接的数值模拟方法

摘要

To proceed finite element analysis for bolted large⁃scale connection in steel structures and to explore the detailed behaviors under different loadings, a simplified method is brought forward, in which the high⁃strength bolt can be simulated by using connector element. The non⁃linear shearing performance of single⁃shear bolted connections is investigated with accurate models where the solid elements are employed. Basing on the mechanical properties in elastic, slipping, hardening, and yielding phase under shear force, a constitutive relation for the bolt connector is established and can be applied easily in shell element model for the high⁃strength bolt connection. Large numbers of examples with varied parameters including plate thickness and bolt diameter are calculated respectively by using the simplified method with shell elements and the accurate method with solid elements. The result comparisons show that the simplified simulation method has a good computational efficiency and accuracy, and has a potential ability to simulate high⁃strength bolt connections.%为能够对使用众多高强螺栓群拼接的钢结构大型复杂节点进行精确的有限元数值模拟分析，并揭示螺栓拼接节点在各阶段的受力性能，提出了一种以连接件单元代替螺栓的简化模拟方法。对高强螺栓单剪连接使用实体单元建模，并考虑各种非线性影响，进行精细的有限元模拟分析。在深入研究连接的弹性、滑移、强化和屈服等各个阶段受力机理的基础上，给出了代替螺栓连接件的本构关系，并将其成功应用于简化的壳单元连接模型中。针对工程中常用的不同规格连接进行了大量算例分析，并将简化模型与精细模型计算结果进行对比，验证了所提方法在高强螺栓拉剪连接有限元模拟中的可行性，为使用数值模拟方法揭示大型复杂螺栓群连接节点的真实受力状态奠定了基础。