[目的]为了分析葡萄黑腐病的主要病原菌黑曲霉Aspergillusniger菌丝体生长和孢子萌发与营养或环境因素之间的关系.[方法]以产OTA的黑曲霉A.niger为试验菌株,察氏培养基为基础,观察和测定不同碳源、氮源、温度15~40 ℃和pH 3~9 条件对该菌菌落直径及菌丝体干质量的影响;以2%水琼脂培养基为基础,测定不同碳源、无机和有机氮源、温度、pH 条件下 8 h和 10 h的分生孢子萌发规律.[结果]在固体培养基上,菌落生长最佳碳源为麦芽糖,最佳氮源为谷氨酸和蛋白胨,最适温度为 30~35 ℃,最适 pH 为 3~5;在分生孢子萌发阶段,最佳碳源为葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖,最佳氮源为氯化铵和蛋白胨,最适 pH 为 4~5,最适温度为 30~35 ℃;分生孢子的致死温度为5 2 ℃,1 0 min.[结论]A.niger在不同发育阶段对营养和环境条件的要求存在差异,因此要减少葡萄黑腐病病害发病率,控制 OTA污染就必须对葡萄生长的环境条件或贮藏条件进行严格监控,并辅以适当措施减少昆虫和鸟类造成的葡萄表面的创伤.%[Objective]To analyze the relationship between mycelium growth and spore germination of Aspergillus niger being one of the major pathogens of grape black rot and nutrition or environment.[Method]Taking A.niger producing OTA as the experimental stain and Czapek's medium as the basis,the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources,temperature(15~40 ℃),and pH(3~9) on colony diameter and my-celium dry mass and the observed the spore germination rate after culturing 8 h and 10 h on 2% water agar culture medium.[Result]The result showed that the optimum carbon sources for A.niger colony growth was glucose,the best nitrogen sources were glutamate and peptone,the best temperature was 30~35 ℃ and the most suitable pH was 4~5.At the stage of conidium germination,the optimum carbon sources were glucose,fructose and sucrose ,the best nitrogen sources were ammonium chloride and peptone,the best pH was 4~5,the best temperature was 30~35 ℃ and the lethal temperature for the conidia was 52 ℃ for 1 0 min.[Conclusion]A.niger had different requirements for nutritional and environmental conditions at different developmental stage.Therefore,to reduce the incidence of black rot of grape diseases and con-trol the OTA contamination,the environmental conditions or storage conditions should be strictly moni-tored and the proper measures should be used to reduce the surface damage of grape by insects and birds.
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