Biodiversity is one of the conditions essential to mankind for survival. Mammal among the biodiversity plays as a taxon of key indicator in biodiversity conservation and environment evaluation because of its species diversity, wide distribu-tion and sensitive to changes in habitat. However, mammals in China have been under serious threat, as a result of degrada-tion or loss of the habitats, excessive exploitation of the natural resources, environmental pollution and other various factors. Facing the continuous decline of mammalian communities and populations, the Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC has unfolded construction of the China Biodiversity Observation Network for Mammals ( referred to as China BON-Mammals) , to monitor living conditions, population dynamics and endangerment of the mammals in China. Focus targets and key contents of the construction and infrared camera observation technologies and approaches to selection of sample plots a-dopted in the China BON-Mammals have been introduced. Problems existing in the China BON-Mammals and possible solu-tions have been discussed. Suggestions to further improve the China BON-Mammals and its informatized data platform are brought forth, so as to provide basic data for conservation, management and exploitation of the biodiversity in China.%生物多样性是人类赖以生存的条件之一,其中哺乳动物物种多样,分布范围广,对栖息地变化敏感,是生物多样性保护和环境评价的关键指示生物类群.生境的退化或丧失、自然资源的过度利用和环境污染等因素造成我国哺乳动物受到严重威胁.针对哺乳动物种群持续衰退的现状,为了掌握其生存状态、种群动态变化以及受威胁状况,环境保护部组织开展了全国大中型哺乳动物观测网络建设.重点介绍了全国哺乳动物多样性观测网络的建设目标、主要内容、红外相机观测技术和样地选择方法等,讨论了哺乳动物观测网络存在的问题及可能的解决办法,提出进一步完善全国大中型哺乳动物观测网络及信息化数据平台的建议,从而为我国生物多样性的保护管理和资源利用提供基础性数据.
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