广州地区1136例过敏患儿常见过敏原分布及尘螨交叉反应分析

摘要

Objective To investigate the distribution of common allergens and cross reaction of house dust mites and dust mites in children with allergic diseases in Guangzhou area. Methods Total 1136 children with allergic diseases ( 298 infants, 455 preschool children and 403 school-age children ) were recruited from July 2009 to July 2010. Thirty-five kinds of serum specific-IgE were detected by MAST system. The positive rates of each allergen among three age groups were compared. Meanwhile the cross reaction of house dust mites and dust mites were analyzed.Results Among the 1136 children, the top three allergens were dust mites 774 ( 68.13％ ) , house dust 557 ( 49.03％ ), and milk 411 ( 36.18％ ). The top three allergens in infants were milk ( 195, 70.14％ ), cheese ( 133,47.84％ ), and egg ( 102, 36.69％ ). The top three allergens in preschool children were dust mite ( 371, 80.13％ ),dust (311, 68.35％ ), and milk ( 177, 38.90％ ). The top three allergens in school age children were dust mite (306,75.93％ ), dust ( 163, 40.45％ ) and animal hair ( 104, 25.81％ ). In 774 children allergic to dust mite, 685 ( 88.50％ ) showed positive reaction to both Dermatophagides pteronyssinus ( Der p ) and Dermatophagides farina ( Der f). 9.56％ showed positive reaction to Derf and 1.94％ to Der p. There were no statistical differences of positive reaction to dust mites among three age groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions The distribution of common allergens in allergic children in Guangzhou has been changes to some extent and is also some what different from othher areas in China. A considerable proportion of allergic children have positive reaction to both Der p and Der f. Only a few of allergic children have positive reaction to one of dust mites. It merits attention in clinical desensitization treatment. ( J Clin Pediatr,2011,29( 1 ):51-54 )%目的 观察广州市过敏性疾病患儿的过敏原分布及屋尘螨、粉尘螨过敏的交叉反应情况,为临床诊疗提供依据.方法 采用MAST过敏原检测系统对1 136名过敏性疾病患儿(婴幼儿组278例、学龄前组455例、学龄组403例)进行35种特异性过敏原IgE检测,统汁过敏原阳性率,同时分析尘螨过敏的交叉反应情况,分组间阳性率差异比较采用X2检验.结果 1 136例过敏儿童前三位的过敏原分别是尘螨(68.13%)'、家尘(49.03%)和牛奶(36.18%).婴幼儿组前三位的过敏原分别为牛奶(70.14%)、芝士(47.84%)和全蛋(36.69%);学龄前期组前三位的过敏原分别为尘螨(80.13%)、家尘(68.35%)和牛奶(38.90%);学龄期组前三位过敏原分别为尘螨(75.93%)、家尘(40.45%)和猫毛狗毛(25.81%).774例尘螨过敏患儿中,685例(88.50%)对粉尘螨和屋尘螨均呈阳性反应,9.56%仅对粉尘螨过敏,1.94%仅对屋尘螨过敏,各年龄组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 广州地区过敏患儿过敏原分布较以往有一定的变化,且与国内其他地区亦存在差别.相当比例的过敏患儿对粉尘螨和屋尘螨同时阳性,仅少数患儿对其中一种过敏.