海底天然气水合物开采导致的地质灾害及其监测技术

摘要

海底天然气水合物作为一种可替代能源,逐步受到学界与业界的高度关注;但因其开采可能导致地质灾害等一系列环境效应,世界各国对其开采利用多持谨慎态度.该文介绍了天然气水合物已有的试采工作:加拿大Malik Field试采、美国Ignik Sikumi试采、日本Nankai Trough试采,总结了水合物分解可能导致的海洋地质灾害:自然类地质灾害与工业类地质灾害.重点梳理了日本与美国海底天然气水合物开采对海洋地质灾害的原位监测技术,展望了未来海底水合物开采海洋地质灾害原位监测技术的趋势与挑战:压力传感器与加速度传感器在海床变形滑动监测的应用;监测数据的实时传输;海底原位长期观测的电能供应.%As an attractive alternative energy source,gas hydrate has been attracting attention from the academic and industry.Due to a series of potential environmental effects associated with gas hydrate,people remain cautious about gas hydrate production.In this paper,we introduce the existing gas hydrate production tests in Malik Field,Ignik Sikumi and Nankai Trough.Also,we summarize the potential geohazards associated with gas hydrate,including the naturally-occurring geohazards and industrially-occurring geohazards.The gas hydrate seafloor observations in Nankai Trough production test by Japan and Mississippi Canyon Block 118 by USA were introduced and highlighted.It is worth to use for reference in gas hydrate production that the pressure sensor and three-component accelerometer are used for monitoring seabed deformation.The gas hydrate seafloor observations face challenges of real-time data transmission and long-term power supply.