Objective To study the acquisition process of Phoneme Contrast (PC) for children aged 3～5 to provide the reliable references for phoneme contrast training for hearing impaired children. Methods 90 children aged 3～ 5 are divided into three groups: 3-year-old Group, 4-year-old and 5-year-old Groups. The subjects are assessed for their ability of Consonant Phoneme Contrast (CPC) and Vowel Phoneme Contrast (VPC). Then the acquisition age of PC has been studied. Results ①Children aged 3 ～ 5 acquire VPC at 85.87％, 94.57％ and 97.83％, respectively. The type of VPC described as “the same structure with different mouth openings” was noted to develop early and to be completed at 4; there is only one pair of the type of VPC described as “the same mouth opening with different structures” were to be completed at 5; the type of VPC as “the same mouth opening and structure" were developed slowly and two pairs didn't complete the acquisition until 5; the VPC of front nasal and back nasal developed slowly. ②Children aged 3～5 acquire CPC at 75.86％, 88.51％ and 96.55°//00, respectively. The CPC of fricative and unfricative developed early and were completed at 3; the CPC of aspirate and unaspirate were completed at 4; the CPC of voiceless consonant and voiced consonant were almost completed at 4; the other types of CPC continued to develop after 5 for a time. Conclusion The acquisition process of PC for children aged 3～5 were noted to be sequential, influenced by the development of speech and acoustic features of phoneme. There are pairs of PC acquired lately, including the PC of nasal vowel, the voiced consonant, [p']- [t']- [k'], [f]-[s]-[x] and [ts']- [s']- [ts'] - [s].%目的 分析3～5岁健听儿童韵母音位对比和声母音位对比的习得过程,为听障儿童音位对比识别训练提供可靠的参考依据.方法 分别选取3、4、5岁健听儿童各30名,测试韵母与声母最小音位对比的识别能力,统计音位对比的习得年龄.结果 ①3、4、5岁健听儿童韵母音位对比分别习得85.87%、94.57%和97.83%.相同结构、不同开口组韵母习得发育较早,4岁即已完成;相同开口不同结构组仅有1对在5岁习得;相同开口相同结构组韵母习得发展略慢,有两对在5岁后形成;前鼻音与后鼻音韵母习得较为缓慢.②3、4、5岁健听儿童声母音位对比分别习得75.86%、88.51%和96.55%.擦音与无擦音发展较早,在3岁及3岁前即已习得;送气与不送气音发展其次,在4岁完成;清辅音与浊辅音基本在4岁完成;其他组在5岁后仍有一段时间的持续发展时间.结论 3～5岁健听儿童音位对比识别习得过程有一定顺序性,较晚识别的音位对可能受言语发育和语音声学特征的共同影响,主要包括鼻韵母相关音位对比、浊辅音对比(m、r/l、n/r、l/r、),p/t/k对比、f/s/h对比,c/s/ch/sh对比晚习得现象.
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