With the rapid development of economy in China, the demand for potash salt is rising rapidly. Although there are rich pot⁃ash resources all over the world, the distribution is uneven in that they are mainly distributed in North America and the Europe. After referring to a large number of data, the authors have made a preliminary estimation of potash resources in the countries of"One Belt, One Road", which reach about 11.2 billion tons (in terms of K2O equivalent). The total reserves are dominated by six major potash-forming basins, i.e., Qaidam Basin, Tarim Basin, Khorat Basin (including Sakon Nakhon Basin), Central Asian basin, Dead Sea Basin and Nepa Basin. The global boron resources are not evenly-distributed, with 73% reserves and 70% reserve bases dispersed in the USA, Turkish, Russia and Kazakhstan. There are abundant boron resources in the countries of"One Belt, One Road", mainly distrib⁃uted in Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Serbia and some other countries. According to the data published by US Geological Survey (USGS) in 2014, the world's proven reserves of boron are about 243 million tons. The authors have estimated that total boron re⁃source reserves in the countries of "One Belt, One Road" come up to 146 million tons, accounting for about 69.5 percent of the world reserves. The authors made a detailed statistical analysis of distribution of potash and boron resources in the countries of"One Belt, One Road", gave an overview of the geological characteristics of typical deposits, described the exploitation techniques for pot⁃ash and boron, and discussed the preferred areas for using foreign potash and boron resources, thus providing useful information for Chinese enterprises’"going out"policy.%随着中国经济快速发展，对钾盐和硼矿的需求快速增加。世界钾盐资源主要集中在北美洲和欧洲。在参阅大量资料后，初步估算“一带一路”国家地区钾盐资源量（以K2O当量计算）约112×108t，主要分布在柴达木盆地、塔里木盆地、呵叻盆地（含沙空那空盆地）、中亚盆地、死海盆地和涅帕盆地。硼矿资源73%的储量和70%的储量基础分布于美国、土耳其、俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦，“一带一路”国家中硼资源主要分布于俄罗斯、土耳其、哈萨克斯坦、塞尔维亚等国家。据美国地质调查局2014年公布的数据，世界探明硼储量约2.43×108t，“一带一路”地区探明硼储量约1.46×108t，约占世界探明硼储量的69.5%。对“一带一路”国家钾盐矿和硼矿资源分布做了详细统计，对典型矿床的地质特征进行了简单的概括，介绍了钾盐和硼矿的开发技术，讨论了中国利用境外钾盐及硼资源的首选地区，为中国企业“走出去”提供有益信息。
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